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      <title>Java面向对象精妙架构 - 交互式测验</title>
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          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>Java面向对象精妙架构 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
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      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档中对“封装”的解释，以下哪个选项最能体现其核心思想？",
    "options": [
      "子类可以无缝替换父类，而程序的行为保持不变。",
      "将数据和操作数据的方法捆绑在一起，并对外部隐藏对象的内部实现细节，只暴露安全的接口。",
      "允许不同子类的对象对同一消息做出不同的响应。",
      "将多个独立的对象组合成一个更复杂的系统来完成任务。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "封装的核心思想是信息隐藏。文档中以“保险箱的安全哲学”为例，说明封装就像银行账户一样，将余额（数据）私有化，只提供存款和查询等公共方法（安全接口）进行交互，从而保护了内部数据的安全性和完整性。",
    "source": "文档中「2.1 封装：保险箱的安全哲学」部分",
    "hint": "回想一下文档中关于银行账户`BankAccount`类的例子，它的`balance`属性是如何被保护的？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“实战案例一：电商订单系统”中，为了灵活地为不同类型的订单（如普通订单、秒杀订单）计算价格，采用了哪种设计模式？",
    "options": [
      "工厂方法模式",
      "责任链模式",
      "策略模式",
      "观察者模式"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档中的电商案例使用了策略模式。它定义了一系列算法（不同的价格计算策略，如`NormalPricing`和`SeckillPricing`），并将每个算法封装起来，使它们可以互相替换。这样，`OrderProcessor`可以在运行时根据订单类型动态切换价格计算策略，完美符合“对扩展开放，对修改关闭”的开闭原则。",
    "source": "文档中「4.2 精妙架构设计」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下，哪种设计模式允许在运行时根据需要选择和切换算法或行为？"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中的SOLID原则表格提到了“单一职责原则 (SRP)”。根据其“一个类只做一件事”的解释，下面哪个是该原则的最佳实践？",
    "options": [
      "设计一个庞大的“上帝类”，处理用户、订单、支付和日志所有功能。",
      "将一个多功能接口拆分为多个更小、更具体的专用接口。",
      "一个订单类（Order）只负责管理订单自身的数据和状态，而将支付逻辑委托给专门的支付处理类（PaymentProcessor）。",
      "优先使用组合而非继承来扩展类的功能。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "单一职责原则（SRP）强调一个类应该只有一个引起它变化的原因。将订单管理和支付逻辑分离到不同的类中，使得每个类都只专注于自己的核心职责。如果支付逻辑需要变更，只需要修改支付处理类，而不会影响到订单类，这正是SRP的应用。",
    "source": "文档中「三、六大设计原则（SOLID+）」部分",
    "hint": "在SOLID原则表格中，SRP的代码示例是什么？它说明了哪两个功能应该被分开？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“实战案例二：分布式支付系统”中，为了处理来自不同渠道（支付宝、微信等）的支付请求，并让它们按顺序尝试处理，文档展示了哪种设计模式的应用？",
    "options": [
      "建造者模式 (Builder Pattern)",
      "责任链模式 (Chain of Responsibility Pattern)",
      "策略模式 (Strategy Pattern)",
      "工厂方法模式 (Factory Method Pattern)"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "该案例使用了责任链模式。通过创建一系列处理器（如`AlipayHandler`），并将它们链接成一条链。当一个支付请求到来时，它会沿着这条链传递，直到有一个处理器能够处理它为止。这有效地解耦了请求的发送者和接收者，并使得新增支付渠道变得非常灵活。",
    "source": "文档中「5.2 精妙架构设计」部分",
    "hint": "文档中的`PaymentHandler`类有一个`next`字段，并且`handle`方法中会调用`next.handle(request)`，这是哪种模式的典型特征？"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档强调了“组合优于继承”原则(CARP)。以下哪个是该原则的主要优点？",
    "options": [
      "继承是实现代码复用的唯一方式。",
      "组合提供了更强的封装性和更大的灵活性，因为它是在运行时动态建立关系，避免了继承带来的类爆炸和高耦合问题。",
      "继承关系比组合关系在代码中更容易理解。",
      "通过继承，子类可以完全重写父类的所有方法，实现最大程度的定制。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档在“六大设计原则”和“七、架构设计：平衡的艺术”部分都提到了组合优于继承。继承是一种“白盒”复用，破坏了父类的封装，且在编译时就已确定，缺乏灵活性。而组合是“黑盒”复用，通过将其他对象作为自己的组成部分，可以在运行时动态地改变行为，系统耦合度更低，更加灵活。",
    "source": "文档中「三、六大设计原则（SOLID+）」和「七、架构设计：平衡的艺术」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下`AdvancedLogger`的例子，它是如何利用一个已有的`SimpleLogger`来增强功能的？是通过`extends`还是通过包含一个实例？"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，依赖倒置原则（DIP）的核心思想是“依赖抽象而非实现”。这在实践中通常意味着什么？",
    "options": [
      "高层模块应该直接依赖于低层模块的具体实现。",
      "代码应该直接实例化具体的类，例如 `OrderProcessor processor = new OrderProcessor(new NormalPricing());`。",
      "类应该通过依赖接口或抽象类来协作，而不是具体的实现类。例如，方法参数、返回值和成员变量应尽可能使用接口类型。",
      "所有类都应该被定义为`final`，以防止被继承。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "依赖倒置原则（DIP）旨在降低模块间的耦合度。通过依赖抽象（接口或抽象类），高层模块不关心低层模块的具体实现细节，使得低层模块的实现可以被轻松替换，从而提高了系统的可维护性和可扩展性。文档中的代码示例，如`PaymentProcessor`依赖`Payment`抽象类，`OrderProcessor`依赖`PricingStrategy`接口，都是该原则的体现。",
    "source": "文档中「三、六大设计原则（SOLID+）」部分",
    "hint": "查看SOLID原则表格中关于DIP的解释——“通过接口调用服务而非具体类”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“智能物流系统”案例中，当货物状态发生变化时，需要通知多个相关方（如客户、调度中心）。文档中的`ShipmentTracker`类使用了哪种设计模式来实现这种实时状态同步？",
    "options": [
      "工厂方法模式",
      "单例模式",
      "观察者模式",
      "责任链模式"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "该案例使用了观察者模式来实现状态通知。`ShipmentTracker`作为主题（Observable），维护一个观察者（Observer）列表。当其状态改变时（例如，调用`notifyObservers`），它会自动通知所有注册的观察者，实现了主题与观察者之间的松耦合，使得多方能够及时获取物流信息。",
    "source": "文档中「6.2 精妙架构设计」部分",
    "hint": "哪种设计模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都将得到通知并自动更新？"
  }
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                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  